home www.wncnaturally.com
email scott@wncnaturally.com

   Nature Report for October 2003

At long last the cool weather has arrived in the mountains. The first strong hints of fall color are becoming evident, more so at the higher elevations. One of the first trees to change are the Sourwoods which are starting to show the red foliage that is an umistakeable sign that autumn is here. Other early color can be found on Virginia Creeper, and Poison Ivy.

In addition to the "leaf"color, autumn also is the season for the berries of different species which flowered earlier in the year. Among these are Solomon's Seal, False Solomon Seal, Trillium, Blue Bead Lily, and Umbrella Leaf. These are ripening at a time which coincides with seasonal migrations and preparation for hibernation. As a ready source of sugars and starches, these fruits are a boon to many songbirds who rely on them for the energy to complete their travels.

These native species are not all that become visible as the leaves begin to drop. One of the absolute scourges of the mountains also becomes readily seen. Oriental Bittersweet is an introduced member of the Staff-Tree family (Celastraceae) which is taking over large territories from the native Climbing Bittersweet. In autumn, entire tree lines appear to be orange because of the profuse fruiting of this encroaching species. The bright orange coloration attracts many songbirds who eat the fruit and spread the seeds. This is a prime example of what can happen when a species is introduced into an area lacking its known controls. As is usually the case, we humans have played a major role in the spread of this unwelcome guest. It is used extensively in the creation of wreaths for the holiday season. When these wreaths are discarded the seeds are fair game for songbirds. It has been reported that even the twining vines of the wreaths can take root and begin growing. Please ensure that any seasonal decorations you display do not include Oriental Bittersweet.

As the season changes we are afforded a different view of the world around us. I hope you'll all get a chance to get out and enjoy!